• Discuss the various biological therapies, including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and psychosurgery, and their use and effectiveness in treating mental disorders. (pp. 559-561)
  
  
• Define psychopharmacology. Describe and evaluate the use of antianxiety, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antimanic medications. (pp. 561-564)
  
  
• Define psychotherapy and describe its basic characteristics. Discuss why traditional psychotherapy may not be effective with individuals from non-Western cultures and ethnic minority groups. (pp. 564-566)
  
  
• Describe the goals and techniques of psychoanalysis and post-Freudian psychoanalytic therapy. Evaluate the effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapy. (pp. 566-568)
  
  
• Describe the therapies based on the humanistic/existential perspective, including person-centered therapy, existential analysis, and gestalt therapy. (pp. 568-569)
  
  
• Describe the therapeutic techniques based on classical conditioning, including systematic desensitization, flooding and implosion, and aversive conditioning. (pp. 569-571)
  
  
• Describe the therapeutic techniques based on operant conditioning, including token economies and punishment. (pp. 571-572)
  
  
• Describe observational learning techniques and cognitive-behavioral therapies. (pp. 572-574)
  
  
• Discuss the goal of health psychology and describe the techniques used to promote lifestyle changes, including biofeedback. (pp. 574-575)
  
  
• Discuss research on the effectiveness of individual psychotherapy. (pp. 575-576)
  
  
• Describe the common components and types of group therapy; evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy. Describe the functions of couples and family therapy, and the different emphases of the communications and systems approaches. (pp. 578-581)
  
  
• Evaluate the factors involved in choosing a therapist. (p. 578; Critical Thinking)
  
  
• Discuss the movement toward systematic integration and eclecticism. (p. 582)
  
  
• Consider the issues raised with respect to culturally diverse populations and psychotherapy. (pp. 582-587)
  
  
• Discuss the changes in mental health service delivery caused by managed health care. (pp. 587-589)
  
  
• Describe primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give examples of each. (pp. 589-592)