• Define cognitive disorders and discuss their possible causes. Compare the prevalence rate for different population groups. List the DSM-IV-TR categories of cognitive disorders and differentiate these disorders from other disorders involving cognitive problems that are not part of the cognitive disorders group. (pp. 459-462)
  
  
• Describe the methods for assessing brain damage and the problem of linking functional loss to a specific brain location. (pp. 462-464)
  
  
• Describe the dimensions by which brain damage is categorized. (p. 465)
  
  
• Describe how cognitive disorders are categorized by cause and the problems in diagnosing cognitive disorders. (pp. 465-466)
  
  
• Describe and differentiate dementia and delirium and discuss the possible causes of these disorders. (pp. 466-468)
  
  
• Describe the amnestic disorders and differentiate them from dementia and delirium. (pp. 468-469)
  
  
• List and differentiate the types of brain traumas, their symptoms and aftereffects. (pp. 469-471)
  
  
• Describe the health conditions that accompany old age, including the nature and effects of, and risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) and vascular dementia. (pp. 471-472)
  
  
• Discuss the extent and reasons for memory loss in older people. Discuss the characteristics of Alzheimers disease, brain abnormalities, and what is known about its cause. (pp. 474-476)
  
  
• Describe and differentiate among the following: Parkinsons disease, AIDS-related dementia, neurosyphilis (general paresis), encephalitis, meningitis, Huntingtons chorea, cerebral tumors, and epilepsy. (pp. 477-482)
  
  
• Describe methods of treating cognitive disorders, including medication and cognitive and behavioral approaches. (pp. 482-484)
  
  
• Discuss the need for environmental interventions and methods of supporting the caregivers of individuals with cognitive disorders. (p. 484)
  
  
• Discuss the class of disorders known as mental retardation, including different forms of retardation, how mental retardation is diagnosed, the four levels of retardation, and the predisposing factors associated with mental retardation. (pp. 484-487)
  
  
• Explain the causes of mental retardation, including how environmental factors and nongenetic biogenic factors may be involved. (pp. 487-490)
  
  
• Describe and discuss early intervention and employment programs and living arrangements for people with mental retardation. (pp. 490-492)