• Discuss the general characteristics of schizophrenia. (pp. 419-420)
  
  
• Discuss the history of the diagnostic category known as schizophrenia and the current DSM-IV-TR criteria. (pp. 420-4211)
  
  
• Describe the symptoms of schizophrenia, including positive and negative symptoms, delusions, and perceptual distortions. (pp. 421-427)
  
  
• Describe the problems of communication and thought disturbance seen in schizophrenia, including loosening of associations. (pp. 425-426)
  
  
• Describe the motoric disturbances and negative symptoms, and associated features seen in schizophrenia, as well as the role of culture in interpreting symptoms. (pp. 426-429)
  
  
• Differentiate between the various subtypes of schizophrenia, including the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual types of schizophrenia. (pp. 429-431)
  
  
• Describe the psychotic disorders once considered schizophrenia including delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder and schizophreniform disorder, and differentiate them from schizophrenia. Differentiate delusional disorder from paranoid schizophrenia. Describe shared psychotic disorder and schizoaffective disorder. (pp. 431-433)
  
  
• Describe the three phases of schizophrenia, then discuss research on long-term outcomes of schizophrenia, including studies in developing and developed countries. (pp. 433-434)
  
  
• Consider the usefulness of combining hereditary and environmental influences for understanding the origins of schizophrenia, then discuss and evaluate the genetic studies, including blood relatives, twin research, adoption and high-risk population studies, and the methodological issues involved with each type of study. (pp. 434-441)
  
  
• Describe the biochemical theories of schizophrenia, including the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and research results that strengthen and weaken this hypothesis. (pp. 441-443)
  
  
• Describe the neurological impairments, cognitive, and information-processing deficits believed to be associated with schizophrenia. Evaluate the usefulness of a neurological explanation of schizophrenia. (pp. 443-445)
  
  
• Discuss environmental factors in the development of schizophrenic symptoms, including the family environment theories, methodological problems with this research, and the role pf expressed emotion in schizophrenia. (pp. 445-448)
  
  
• Discuss the social class and cross-cultural aspects of schizophrenia. (pp. 448-450)
  
  
• Discuss the use of antipsychotic medications in the treatment of schizophrenia and the problems in using these drugs in treatment. Discuss changes in patients rights to refuse medication. (pp. 450-452)
  
  
• Describe the psychosocial therapies including institutional approaches, cognitive-behavioral therapy, Integrated Psychological Therapy, and interventions targeted at relapse prevention by reducing expressed emotion. Discuss the effectiveness of these treatments. (pp. 452-456)