• Discuss the general characteristics of personality disorders, the factors involved in considering a personality pattern a disorder, how they are diagnosed in the DSM-IV-TR, and why they are difficult to diagnose. (pp. 235-237)
  
  
• Discuss the prevalence and gender distribution of personality disorders and possible reasons for gender differences. (pp. 237-238; Critical Thinking)
  
  
• Discuss the causal considerations for personality disorders, including the five-factor model and its relevance. Explain why we know little about treating personality disorders. (pp. 237-238)
  
  
• Describe the three clusters of personality disorders. (p. 238; Figure 8.1)
  
  
• Describe and differentiate among the characteristics of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. Discuss how schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders are differentiated from schizophrenia. (pp. 238-243)
  
  
• Describe and differentiate among the characteristics of histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders. (pp. 243-247)
  
  
• Describe and differentiate among the characteristics of avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. (pp. 247-250)
  
  
• Describe the characteristics and incidence of antisocial personality disorder and how it is differentiated from criminal behavior. Explain why it is a difficult population to study. (pp. 250-252)
  
  
• Describe and discuss the etiological theories of antisocial personality disorders, including psychodynamic, family and socialization, and genetic theories. (pp. 252-255)
  
  
• Discuss the relationship between central nervous system and autonomic nervous system abnormalities and antisocial personality disorder. Discuss the role of fearlessness, lack of anxiety, under-arousal, learning deficits, and thrill-seeking in the disorder. (pp. 256-259)
  
  
• Describe treatments for antisocial personality and their success. (pp. 259-260)
  
  
• Define impulse control disorders. Describe and differentiate among the following impulse control disorders: intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania. (pp. 260-265)
  
  
• Discuss how impulse control disorders overlap with other conditions. Describe the two explanatory camps for these disorders. Review the treatments for impulse control disorders and their success. (pp. 265-266)