• Explain the roles of skepticism and replication in science. Discuss the current status of scientific facts in abnormal psychology that have received subsequent investigation, including facilitated communication and the identification of an alcoholism gene. (pp. 105-106)
  
  
• Discuss the characteristics of the scientific method in clinical research, including the proper stating of hypotheses, operational definitions, and the need for reliable and valid measures and observations. (pp. 106-110)
  
  
• Describe the concepts of base rates, statistical significance, and clinical significance. (pp. 110-112)
  
  
• Identify the components of a basic experiment, and describe the need for placebos, blind and double-blind research designs. (pp. 112-115)
  
  
• Discuss the characteristics of correlational studies and their strengths and limitations, specifically their ambiguous conclusions with respect to causality. Use the Sanders and Giolas (1991) study to discuss how correlational research can be improved. (pp. 115119)
  
  
• Describe analogue and field studies, and discuss their strengths and limitations. (pp. 119-120)
  
  
• Define the nomothetic and idiographic orientations toward research. Discuss the characteristics and limitations of case studies and single-participant experiment designs. (pp. 120-122)
  
  
• Discuss the biological research strategies, including genetic linkage studies, biological markers, iatrogenic effects, genetic penetrance, pathognomonic symptoms, and biological challenge tests. (pp. 122-124)
  
  
• Describe various research strategies used in the study of abnormal behavior, including epidemiological research. Differentiate between prevalence and incidence. (pp. 124125)
  
  
• Discuss the ethical issues in conducting research and the American Psychological Associations guiding principles on ethics, including the use of animals, and research with culturally diverse populations. (pp. 125-127)