Bernstein et al., Psychology, 6/e Learning Objectives

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Psychology, Sixth Edition
Douglas A. Bernstein - University of South Florida and University of Southampton
Louis A. Penner - University of South Florida
Alison Clarke-Stewart - University of California, Irvine
Edward J. Roy - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Learning Objectives
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion

Define motivation. Discuss the types of behaviors that motivation may help to explain. (see introductory section)
Define motive and intervening variables, and explain the latter's role in understanding motivation. (see Concepts and Theories of Motivation)
Describe the sources of motivation. (see Sources of Motivation)
Define instinct. Discuss how instinct theory explains behavior. Explain why instinct theory failed. Describe the evolutionary approach and its views of mate selection. (see Instinct Theory and Its Descendants)
Define homeostasis, need, drive, and drive reduction theory. Define primary and secondary drive and discuss their role in motivation. Explain what behaviors drive theory can and cannot account for. (see Drive Reduction Theory)
Define arousal. Describe arousal theories of motivation. Discuss the role of an optimal level of arousal in motivation and the impact of more or less than an optimal level of arousal on performance. (see Arousal Theory)
Define incentive theory. Describe incentive theory's attempt to explain behavior and distinguish "wanting" from "liking." (see Incentive Theory)
Define hunger and satiety. List the nutrients and hormones that the brain monitors in the bloodstream as it regulates hunger and eating. Explain the role of the ventromedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, and paraventricular nucleus in hunger and eating. Define set point. (see Hunger and Eating)
Specify the role of flavor and learning in the regulation of eating. Define appetite. Describe the mechanisms controlling specific hungers. Give examples of the effects of a food culture. (see Flavor, Cultural Learning, and Food Selection)
Define obesity, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Describe behavior associated with each of these eating disorders. (see Eating Disorders)
Describe the survey of human sexual behavior and discuss its findings. Describe the sexual response cycle. Name the male and female sex hormones. Explain their organizational and activational effects. (see The Biology of Sex)
Discuss the social and cultural influences on sexual motivation. Define heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual orientation. Describe the evidence on the extent to which genes may determine sexual orientation. Define sexual dysfunction and give examples. (see Social and Cultural Factors in Sexuality; see also Sexual Orientation; see also Thinking Critically: Do Genes Determine Sexual Orientation; see also Sexual Dysfunctions)
Define need achievement. Describe the characteristics of achievement motivation and the factors that can affect its development. (see Need for Achievement)
Describe the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Give an example of a job that has been designed to increase satisfaction and motivation. (see Achievement and Success in the Workplace)
Discuss the relation between achievement and subjective well-being. (see Achievement and Subjective Well-Being)
Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Give examples of each kind of need. (see Relations and Conflicts Among Motives)
Describe the four types of motivational conflicts, and explain the relationships between motivation and stress. (see Linkages: Conflicting Motives and Stress)
Discuss the opponent-process theory of motivation. Give an example of the kinds of behavior it explains. (see Opponent Processes, Motivation, and Emotion)
Describe the defining characteristics of the subjective experience of emotion. (see Defining Characteristics)
Describe the role of the brain in emotion and facial expressions. Describe how the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems are involved in emotional experience, including the fight-or-flight syndrome. (see The Biology of Emotion)
Discuss James's theory of emotion. Give an example of how an emotion would occur, according to this theory. (see James's Peripheral Theory)
Discuss the research that evaluates James's theory. Describe the facial feedback hypothesis. Discuss the assumptions upon which a lie detector test is based. (see Evaluating James's Theory; see also Lie Detection)
Describe Cannon's theory of emotion. Discuss the updates to Cannon's theory. (see Cannon's Central Theory)
Describe Schachter's modification of James's theory of emotion. Define attribution and give an example. (see Cognitive Theories)
Define transferred excitation and give an example of its effects. (see Cognitive Theories)
Compare and contrast James's, Schachter's modification, and Cannon's theories of emotion. (see Theories of Emotion)
Discuss the role of facial movements in expressing human emotion. Describe Darwin's theory of innate basic facial expressions. Discuss the research that supports this theory. (see Innate Expressions of Emotion)
Describe the social and cultural factors involved in communicating emotion. Describe the role and sources of learning in human emotional expression. Define emotion culture and social referencing. (see Social and Cultural Influences on Emotional Expression)





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