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Chapter One: Imagery

D.C. Allen, Image and Meaning: Metaphoric Traditions in Renaissance Poetry. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1960).

R. Frazer, "The Origin of the Term 'Image.'" ELH 27 (1960).

P.N. Furnbank, Reflections on the Word "Image." (1970).

C.D. Lewis, The Poetic Image (New York: Oxford UP, 1947).

W.T. J. Mitchell, Ed. The Language of Images (Chicago: Chicago UP, 1980).

Chapter Two: Figurative Language

E. Auerbach, "Figura." Scenes from the Drama of European Literature: Six Essays. (New York: Meridan Books, 1959).

P. de Man. "Anthropomorphism and Trop in the Lyric." The Rhetoric of Romanticism. (New York: Columbia UP, 1984).

G. Genette. Figures of Literary Discourse. (New York: Columbia UP, 1982).

Roman Jakobson, Language in Literature. (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1987).

M. Riffaterre, Semiotics of Poetry (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1978).

Chapter Three: Symbolism

A. Balakian. The Symbolist Movement: A Critical Appraisal. (New York: New York UP, 1967).

-, ed. The Symbolist Movement in the Literature of European Languages. (Budapest : Akádemiai Kiadó, 1982).

T.S. Eliot, From Poe to Valéry (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1948).

D.M. Hertz, The Tuning of the Word: The Musico-Literary Poetics of the Symbolist Movement. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987).

A. Symons, The Symbolist Movement in Literature. (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1899).

R. Wellek, "The Term and Concept of Symbolism in Literary History." Discriminations: Further Concepts of Criticism. (New Haven: Yale UP, 1970).

W. B. Yeats, "The Symbolism of Poetry." Ideas of Good and Evil. (London: A.H. Bullen, 1903).

Chapter Four: Myth

D. Bush, Mythology and the Romantic Tradition in English Poetry (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1937).

-, Mythology and The Renaissance Tradition in English Poetry, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1963).

E. Cassirer, Language and Myth (New York: Dover Publications, 1946).

G. S. Kirk, Myth: Its Meaning and Functions. 3rd ed. (Berkeley: U of California P, 1975).

H. Murray. Myth and Mythmaking. (New York: G. Braziller, 1960).

J. Puhlvel, Comparative Mythology. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1987).

T. Sebeok, Ed. Myth: A Symposium. (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1958).

P. Veyne, Did the Greeks Believe in Their Myths?: An Essay in the Constitutive Imagination. (Chicago: Chicago UP, 1988).

Chapter Five: Poetic Language

S. Brownjohn, The Poet's Craft: A Handbook of Rhyme, Metre, and Verse. (London: Hodden & Stoughter, 2002).

L. Hejinian. The Language of Inquiry. (Berkeley: U of California P, 2000).

M. Kumin. Always Beginning: Essays on a Life in Poetry. (Port Townsend: Cooper Canyon P, 2000).

S. McCaffery. Prior to Meaning: The Protosemantic and Poetics. (Evanston: Northwestern UP, 2001).

R. Padgett. The Straight Line: Writings on Poetry and Poets. (Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 2000).

S. Stewart, Poetry and the Fate of the Senses. (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2002).

J. Walker. Rhetoric and Poetics in Antiquity. (New York: Oxford UP, 2000).

S. Wolosky. The Art of Poetry: How to Read a Poem. (New York: Oxford UP, 2001).

Chapter Six: Emotions

J. Dewey, Art as Experience. (New York: Milton, Balch & Co., 1934).

W.W. Fortenbaugh, Aristotle on Emotion: A Contribution to Philosophical Psychology, Rhetoric, Poetics, Politics, and Ethics. (New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1975).

J. Hillman, Emotion: A Comprehensive Phenomenology of Theories and Their Meanings for Therapy. (London: Routledge & Paul, 1960).

Julia Kristeva. Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Trans. T. Gora. (New York: Columbia UP, 1980).

Mihnea C. Moldoveanu. Master Passions: Emotion, Narrative, and the Development of Culture. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002).

Chapter Seven: Prosody

D. Attridge, "The Language of Poetry: Materiality and Meaning" in EIC 31 (1981).

T.S. Eliot, The Music of Poetry. (Glasgow: Glasgow University Publications-number 57, 1942).

M. Grimaud, "Versification and Its Discontents" in Semiotica 88 (1992).

H. Gross, Ed. The Structure of Verse: Modern Essays on Prosody. (New York: Ecco Press 1979).

W.P. Ker, Form and Style in Poetry; Lectures and Notes. (London: Macmillan & Co., 1928).

P. Kiparsky and G. Youmans, Eds. Rhythm and Meter. (San Diego: Academic Press, 1989).

Chapter Eight: Poetic Forms

K. Burke. "Container and Thing Contained." in SR 8 (1945).

W.S. Johnson, "Some Functions of Poetic Form" in JAAC 13 (1955).

W.P. Ker. Form and Style in Poetry; Lectures and Notes. (London: Macmillan & Co., 1928).

I.A. Richards, "Poetic Form" in Practical Criticism: A Study of Literary Judgment. (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929).

R. Wellek, "Concepts of Form and Structure in 20th Century Criticism." in Concepts of Criticism. Ed. Stephen G. Nichols, Jr. (New Haven: Yale UP, 1963).

Chapter Nine: Keats

Tom Clark. Junkets on a Sad Planet : Scenes from the Life of John Keats Black Sparrow P, 1993.

Hermione de Almeida. Critical Essays on John Keats (Critical Essays on British Literature) G K Hall 1990.

Wolf Z. Hirst. John Keats. Twayne Publishers, 1981.

Judy Little June. Keats As a Narrative Poet : A Test of Invention. U of Nebraska P, 1975.

Michael J. Sider. The Dialogic Keats : Time and History in the Major Poems. Catholic University of America P, 1998.

Chapter Ten: New Historicism

Catherine Gallagher. Nobody's Story : The Vanishing Acts of Women Writers in the Marketplace, 1670-1820 (New Historicism-Studies in Cultural Poetics , No 31) U of California P, 1995.

-, and Stephen Greenblatt. Practicing the New Historicism. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2002.

Stephen Greenblatt. Shakespearean Negotiations : The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England (New Historicism, Studies in Cultural Poetics, No 84). U of California P, 1989.

Jose Eduardo Limon. Mexican Ballads, Chicano Poems : History and Influence in Mexican-American Social Poetry (The New Historicism : Studies in Cultural Poetics, No 17). U of California P, 1992.

H. Aram Veeser. The New Historicism Reader. Routledge, 1993

Chapter Eleven: Socialist Poetry

Max Eastman, The Enjoyment of Living (NY: Harpers, 1948).

Mabel Dodge Luhan, Movers and Shakers. Vol. 3 of Intimate Memories (NY: Harcourt Brace, 1936).

Edwin Rolfe, "Poetry," Partisan Review 2 (April-May 1935).

Rebecca Zurier, Art for the Masses (Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1988).

Chapter Twelve: Holocaust Poetry

Louis Daniel Brodsky. The Eleventh Lost Tribe : Poems of the Holocaust. Time Being Books, 1998. -, and William Heyen. Falling from Heaven : Holocaust Poems of a Jew and a Gentile. Time Being Books, 1991.

Aaron Kramer (Trans.) The Last Lullaby : Poetry from the Holocaust. Syracuse UP, 1999.

Hilda Schiff, Ed. Holocaust Poetry. St. Martin's P, 1996.

Hana Volavkova, Ed. I Never Saw Another Butterfly : Children's Drawings and Poems from Terezin Concentration Camp 1942-1944. Schocken Books, 1994.

Chapter Thirteen, Postmodernism

Roland Barthes, "The Death of the Author" (1968), in Image, Music, Text, trans. Stephen Heath (New York: Farrar, Straus, 1977).

Charles Bernstein, Content's Dream (Los Angeles: Sun & Moon Press, 1986).

Susan Howe in Lynn Keller, "An Interview with Susan Howe," Contemporary Literature 36 (Spring 1995).

Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham, NC: 1991).

Wallace Stevens, The Necessary Angel: Essays on Reality and the Imagination (New York : Vintage Books, 1951).

Chapter Fourteen, Race and Representation

Elizabeth Able, Barbara Christian, and Helene Moglen, Eds. Female Subjects in Black and White: Race, Psychoanalysis, Feminism. (Berkeley: U of California P, 1997).

Stephen Jay Gould. The Mismeasure of Man. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1996).

Eric Lott. Love and Theft: Blackfrace, Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1993).

Charles Mills. The Racial Contract. (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1997).

Michael North. The Dialect of Modernism: Race, Language, & Twentieth Century Literature. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994).

Roediger, David R. The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. Revised ed. (London: Verso, 1991).

Chapter Fifteen, Gwendolyn Brooks

B. J. Bolden. Urban Rage in Bronzeville : Social Commentary in the Poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks, 1945-1960. Third World Press, 1998.

Walter Kalaidjian. "The World from 'Warpland: Gwendolyn Brooks' Afro-American Aesthetic." In Languages of Liberation: The Social Text in Contemporary American Poetry. New York: Columbia UP 1989.

George E. Kent. A Life of Gwendolyn Brooks. UP of Kentucky, 1990.

Maria K. Mootry. A Life Distilled : Gwendolyn Brooks, Her Poetry and Fiction. Ed. Gary Smith. U of Illinois P, 1989.

Harry B. Shaw. Gwendolyn Brooks (Twayne's United States Authors Series). Twayne Publishers, 1981.

Chapter Sixteen, Chicano Poetry

Alurista, quoted in José Monleón, "Mesa redonda con Alurista," in Rafael Pérez-Torres, Movements in Chicano Poetry: Against Myths, Against Margins (New York Cambridge UP, 1995).

Guillermo Gómez-Peńa, "Documented/Undocuumented," Rubén Martínez, trans. In The Graywof Annual Five: Multi-Cultural Literacy, Rick Simonson and Scott Walker, eds. Saint Paul, MN.: Graywolf Press, 1988.

Rafael Jesús Gonzalez,"Chicano Poetry/Smoking Mirror," New Scholar 6 (1977).

Bruce-Novoa, "Chicano Poetry, An Overview," In A Gift of Tongues: Critical Challenges in Contemporary American Poetry.

Carmen Tafolla, "Chicano Literature, Beyond Beginnings," A Gift of Tongues: Critical Challenges in Contemporary American Poetry, ed. Marie Harris and Kathleen Aguero (Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1987).

José Vasconcelos, "The Emmergence of the New Chicano." In Aztlán: An Anthology of Mexican American Literature, Luis Valdez and Stan Steiner, eds. (New York: Random House, 1972).

Chapter Seventeen, Native American Poetry

Paula Gunn Allen, The Sacred Hoop (Boston: Beacon Press, 1986).

Joseph Bruchac, "Survival Comes This Way: Contemporary Native American Poetry," in A Gift of Tongues: Critical Challenges in Contemporary American Poetry, ed. Marie Harris and Kathleen Aguero (Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1987).

Vine Deloria, Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto (New York: Macmillan Co., 1969).

Geary Hobson, "Introduction," The Remembered Earth: An Anthology of Native American Literature ( Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico P, 1991).

Kenneth Lincoln, Native American Renaissance (Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1983).

Andrew Wiget, "Telling the Tale: A Performance Analysis of Hopi Coyote Story," In Recovering the Word: Essays on Native American Literature, Brian Swann and Arnold Krupat, eds. (Berkeley: U of California P, 1987).

Chapter Eighteen, Feminism

Deborah Cameron. Feminism & Linguistic Theory. 2nd ed. (New York: St. Martin's P, 1992).

Mary Daly. Gyn / Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism. (Boston: Beacon P, 1978).

Susan Stanford Friedman. Mappings: Feminism and the Cultural Geographies of Encounter. (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998).

Barbara Johnson. The Feminist Difference: Literature, Psychoanalysis, Race, and Gender. (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1998).

Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl, Eds. Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Feminism. (New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1991).

Chapter Nineteen, Anne Sexton

Francis Bixler, Ed. Original Essays on the Poetry of Anne Sexton. U of Central Arkansas P, 1990.

Arthur Furst. Anne Sexton: The Last Summer. St. Martin's Press, 2000.

Diane Wood Middlebrook. Anne Sexton : A Biography. Random House Publishers, 1992.

Anne Sexton. No Evil Star : Selected Essays, Interviews, and Prose (Poets on Poetry Series). Ed. Steven Colburn. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1985.

Linda Gray Sexton. Anne Sexton : A Self-Portrait in Letters. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1992.

Chapter Twenty, Desire

Nicholas Boyle. Goethe : The Poet and the Age : The Poetry of Desire, (1749-1790). Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.

Jane McIntosh Snyder. Lesbian Desire in the Lyrics of Sappho (Between Men--Between Women). New York: Columbia UP, 1997.

William Packard, Ed. Desire : Erotic Poetry Through the Ages. St. Martin's Press, 1980.

Marlon B. Ross. The Contours of Masculine Desire : Romanticism and the Rise of Women's Poetry. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1989.

Lauren Silberman. Transforming Desire : Erotic Knowledge in Books III and IV of the Faerie Queene. U of California P, 1995.

Chapter Twenty-One, Post-colonial poetics

Mikhail Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryle Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin, TX: U of Texas P, 1981).

Homi Bhabha, The Location of Culture (New York: Routledge, 1994).

Leela Gandhi, Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction (New York: Columbia UP, 1998).

Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1993).

Wole Soyinka, "Introduction," Poems of Black Africa, (New York: Hill and Wang, 1975).

Chapter Twenty-Two, Performance poetics

Miguel Algarín, "Introduction," Aloud: Voices From the Nuyorican Poets Café (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1994).

Henry Louis Gates, Jr., "The 'Blackness of Blackness': A Critique of the Sign and the Signifying Monkey," Critical Inquiry 9, no. 4 (June 1983).

Quincy Jones, quoted in Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones, ed. Courtney Ross (New York: Warner Books, 1990).

Gregory Nagy, Poetry as Performance, Homer and Beyond. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

Chapter Twenty-Three, Beat poetics

Mel Ash. Beat Spirit : The Way of the Beat Writers As a Living Experience. J. P. Tarcher P, 1997.

Alan Kaufman, Ed. The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry. Thunder's Mouth P, 1999.

Brenda Knight, Ed. Women of the Beat Generation : The Writers, Artists and Muses at the Heart of a Revolution. Conari P, 1998.

Michael McClure. Huge Dreams : San Francisco and Beat Poems (Penguin Poets). Penguin, 1999.

Anne Waldman, Ed. The Beat Book : Writings from the Beat Generation. Shambhala Publications, 1999.

Steven Watson. The Birth of the Beat Generation : Visionaries, Rebels, and Hipsters, 1944-1960. Pantheon Books, 1998.

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