Introduction: Reading, Fiction

Form
Formalist Criticism
Further Reading About Formalist Criticism
New Criticism
Further Reading About New Criticism
The Short Story in America
Magazine Culture in Nineteenth-Century America
Further Reading About Magazine Culture in America

Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
Further Reading on Hawthorne's Life
Selected Bibliography of Hawthorne's Works
Further Reading on Hawthorne's Work
Web Links to Hawthorne Sites
Further Reading About Nathaniel Hawthorne and Other Authors: Nineteenth-Century American Literary Culture
Further Questions on "The Birthmark"
Further Topics for Writing on "The Birthmark"
Further Reading About "The Birthmark"
A Note on Science in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Hawthorne on Writing