1. What Is Motivation?
   
   
2. Historical Perspectives on Motivation
   
   
   1. Scientific Management
      
      
   2. The Hawthorne Studies
      
      
   3. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
      
      
   4. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
      
      
      1. Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
         
         
      2. Using Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
         
         
   5. Theory X and Theory Y
      
      
   6. Theory Z
      
      
   7. Reinforcement Theory
      
      
3. Contemporary Views on Motivation
   
   
   1. Equity Theory
      
      
   2. Expectancy Theory
      
      
   3. Goal-Setting Theory
      
      
4. Key Motivation Techniques
   
   
   1. Management by Objectives
      
      
   2. Job Enrichment
      
      
   3. Behavior Modification
      
      
   4. Flextime
      
      
   5. Part-Time Work and Job Sharing
      
      
   6. Telecommuting
      
      
   7. Employee Empowerment
      
      
   8. Self-Managed Work Teams
      
      
   9. Employee Ownership